ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the cell's usable phosphate energy currency. Mitochondria produce most ATP by oxidizing fuel, chiefly Glucose, with oxygen.

Peat measured metabolic health by mitochondrial efficiency: ATP and CO₂ per unit fuel, not supplement stacks sold to "boost" ATP.

Cellular energy metabolism is the basis for maintaining the barrier functions. Energy depletion causes the endothelial cells lining blood vessels to become excessively permeable.

— Ray Peat [1]

PTH (like estrogen and serotonin) inhibits cellular respiration and activates glycolysis, lowering the ATP level and shifting the cells' metabolism toward the production of lactic acid rather than carbon dioxide.

— Ray Peat[2]

Oxidation of sugar is metabolically efficient in many ways, including sparing oxygen consumption. It produces more carbon dioxide than oxidizing fat does, and carbon dioxide has many protective functions, including increasing Krebs cycle activity and inhibiting toxic damage to proteins.

— Ray Peat[3]

[4]

Low Thyroid function, excess PUFA, Estrogen, Endotoxin, and Serotonin shift cells toward glycolytic Lactic acid production instead of oxidative ATP. See Mitochondria, Bioenergetics, Thyroid.

References

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  1. ↑ "Leakiness, aging, and cancer," Ray Peat article
  2. ↑ "Calcium and Disease: Hypertension, organ calcification, & shock, vs. respiratory energy," Ray Peat article
  3. ↑ "Glycemia, starch, and sugar in context," Ray Peat article
  4. ↑ Patel H, Bhardwaj A, "Physiology, Respiratory Quotient," In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30285389.